Despite a half century of rapid, state-sponsored industrialization in the region, only with its more recent, abrupt exposure to global capitalism has Siberia become a hotly contested site of debates over both indigenous rights and natural resource extraction. The Sakha Republic (Yakutia), a Northeastern Siberian region twice the size of Alaska, is now a particularly crucial site of contestation, boasting diamond reserves that produce about 25% of the world‘s diamonds. The region is also home to a sizeable, highly educated indigenous population, the Sakha, who comprise over 45% of the Republic‘s residents. This presentation examines post-Soviet environmental politics in the region, especially in relation to the catastrophic environmental effects of diamond-related industrialization in the Viliui River Basin. Sakha activists have drawn upon globally circulating representations of indigeneity to contest environmental destruction, and to assert political control over their lands and resources. However, in post-Soviet Siberia, like elsewhere in Asia, distinctions between indigenous and non-indigenous are not straightforward, and articulations of indigenous identity are fraught with complications. The presentation examines the particularities of post-socialist indigenous identities, and advances the argument that indigeneity overlaps with other forms of identity, including ethnonational, and can be seen in terms of a voice that is appropriated in heterogeneous ways.