This paper focuses on the ways in which Jewish humanitarian international organizations, primarily the Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society (HIAS), and the Jewish Colonization Association (ICA) addressed the crisis of Eastern European Jewish refugees in the wake of the Great War and the Russian Revolution. It will suggest that since American Jewish philanthropic agencies failed to solve the problem via philanthropy or domestic political effort, Jewish refugees (and refugees on the whole) remained an unresolved international political issue, displaying the deep fault lines of the postwar peace and the inadequacy of non-state and international actors to cope with refugee crises. The paper draws on Jaclyn’s multi-archival dissertation research, “Humanitarian Responses to Jewish Suffering Abroad by American Jewish Organizations, 1914-1929,” and will be situated in a broad secondary literature from refugee studies, the history of humanitarian relief, to histories of Jewish diplomacy and philanthropy.