Unhappily Ever After: Visual Irony and Feminist Strategy in Agnes Varda’s Happiness
Although Agnes Varda is recognized as an early avatar of feminist filmmaking, her 1965 film Happiness remains a misunderstood work, frequently criticized for its ostensibly anti-feminist message. This lecture excavates specific sources of imagery from French women’s magazines that idealized the daily drudgery of the housewife and explains how Varda applied this imagery to her characters to challenge feminine ideals.