Language, Culture and Music: Film Song, Rock ‘n’ Roll, and the Creation of “Youth Music” in India
India’s response to the global phenomenon of “youth” music and culture was initially and most clearly apparent in its commercial cinema; beginning with the “re-invention” of Hindi film actor Shammi Kapoor as a teenage idol in 1957. The majority of the Indian urban and rural audience was broadly assumed to be non-English-speaking and generally unfamiliar with foreign culture (which was largely unavailable outside India’s major cities, especially after 1952).